Process of uniting alloy steel to carbon steel



0. L. MILLS.

PROCESS OF UNlTlNG ALLOY STEEL T0 CA RBON STEEL. APPLICATION FILED ocr.10, 1919.

1,37 ,9 3, L Patented May 3,1921

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

OSCAR L. MILLS, OF EASTON, PENNSYLVANIA.

PROCESS OF UNITING ALLOY STEEL '10 CARBON STEEL.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed October 10, 1919; Serial No. 329,750.

ing qualities, such as hardness, toughness and the like, which renderthem superior to 7 high grades of carbon steel in the manufacture ofarticles intended for a wide variety of uses. On the other hand, suchalloy steels are relatively very expensive, and in the manufacture ofvarious articles, especially those of which only a small part is exposedto excessive wear or wherein it is necessary for only the surface of thearticle to have the superior uality sought, it is uneconomical to manuacture the entire article from an expensive alloy, In these cases, andalso in any case wherein it is desirable that the body of the articleshould be composed of carbon steel, efforts have been made electrically,with unsatisfactory results, to apply a permanent superficial coating ofalloy steel to ordinary carbon steel or to integrall secure to a body ofcarbon steel a wearing part of alloy steel.

A known method of procedure is by electric welding with as oneelectrode. This method has certain pronounced advantages, but it is opento serious objection. As is well known, alloy steel usually has asubstantially lower melting point than low carbonjsteel, and hence,during the passage of the current, the steel alloy melts and flows overthe surface of the carbonsteel before the latter can be raised to themelting temperature. The result is that the adhesion between the carbonsteel and the steel alloy is imperfect and in actual use the connectionbetween the two is apt to be ruptured, thus destroying the utility ofthe compound article.

The object of my invention is to devise a process wherein,.by the aid ofthe electric welding, a body of alloy steel, or other alloyed metal, inthe shape of a superficial coating for an article of iron, steel, orother an alloy steel rod used.

metal body having a higher melting point than the alloyed metal, or as adistinctive Patented May 3,1921.

part or element of the complete article, may

be as securely united to said body as in the case of the weldingtogether of two' pieces of metal of the same meltingpoint, whereby thealloyed metal will be integrall and permanently united to said body.c1fically, the process involves the manufacture of the alloyed metalcoincidentally with the welding thereof to said body, as hereinaftermore specifically detailed.

In the drawings, which are illustrative of a preferred way of uniting analloy steel to a body of low carbon steel:

Figure 1 is a side view showing diagramore spematically a way ofcarrying outmy process.

Fig. 2 is a view showing the process. of making the compound rod orpencil used in my process.

Fig. 8 is'an enlargedcross-sectional view of such rod.

I first proceed to manufacture, by casting, rolling, or otherwise, a roda. I prefer to manufacture this rod of steel low in carbon and thereforewith a high melting point. V

The said rod is then inclosed in a body:

of material I) composed of the metal or metals which it is desired toincorporate -with the steel to form the alloy steel, thus forming a rodor electrode of which the rod a constitutes the core.

I prefer to manufacture the compound.

rod by reducing the metal or metals 7) to a finely divided condition,impregnating them with linseed oil or another suitable binder,

spreading the impregnated mass on a wrapper a of linen or other fabric,inclosing the core a with the alloys and their wrapper, andbaking, or insome cases air-drying, the same until the body 6 reaches the conditionof a hard mass.

The compound rod a b is then brought close to the surface of the body ofsteel 61 to which the alloy steel is to be united, thesteel d and therod a I) being connected to opposite poles of an electric circuit. Atemperture sufiicient to melt the approximating end of the electrodealso suffices to melt the approximating surface of the steel. The

steel core a and the alloying metals 6 melt and combine to 'form analloy steel and as they melt they are projected upon a steel surfacethat has also become molten, thus causing an indissoluble union betweenthe steel body and the alloy steel.

The invention is of course not limited to the manufacture of compoundarticles wherein the alloyed metal is of any particular composition, andtherefore no attempt will be made to enumerate all the metals capable ofuse as alloys: As examples ma be mentioned manganese, nickel, cobalcromium, vanadium and tungsten, or two or more of these associatedtogether. Such alloying metals will ordinarily be themselves alloys, as,for example, ferro-manganese, ferro-vanadium, etc.

Having now fully described my invention, what ll claim and desire toprotect by Letters Patent is: v

1. The process of uniting a metal coating with the surface of a metalbody, comprising the steps of coating a tape with a paste containing thealloying material in a finely divided state, wrapping the coated tapeabout a metal core with the coated sidein contact with the core to forman electrode, then drying the electrode, and then passing an electriccurrent through the electrode and the metal to be coated, to fuse theend of the electrode and the surface of the metal body to be coated tounite the fused alloy with the fused surface of the metal body.

2. The process of making electrodes for uniting with a metal body,comprising the steps of coatin a tape with a paste containing finelydlvided alloying metals, wrapping said tape about a metal core to formthe electrode, and then drying the electrode.

3. The process of making electrodes for uniting with a metal body,comprising the steps of making a paste of linseed oil and finely dividedalloying metals, evenly spreading the paste on an insulating tape, thenwrapping the tape about a metal core to form an electrode, and thendrying the electrode.

4. An electrode comprising a steel core, an

even coating of alloying materialmixed with linseed oil, and an outercovering of tape.

5. An electrode comprising a low carbon steel core with a high meltingpoint, an even coating of alloying material mixed with linseed oil, andan outer covering of tape.

In testimony of which invention, 1 have hereunto set my hand, atPhiladelphia, Pa,

